Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament Session 3

The Dead Sea Scrolls provide valuable insights into Second Temple Judaism and early Christian thought. Several documents shed light on specific themes and texts:

– 11QMelchizedek and Hebrews: This scroll portrays Melchizedek as a divine, heavenly being who serves as a priest and redeemer, paralleling Jesus’ portrayal in Hebrews as a heavenly high priest.

– 4QMMT and Paul’s writings: 4QMMT’s discussion of “works of the Torah” sheds light on Paul’s usage of “works of the law” in Romans and Galatians, highlighting the importance of understanding Jewish context.

– Apocalyptic literature: Both the Book of Revelation and the War Rule (1QM) feature eschatological themes, but differ in their portrayals of conflict (cosmic vs. human military campaign).

Jesus and the Essenes

Jesus’s public ministry differs significantly from the Essenes’ exclusive and separatist nature, particularly in his:

– Inclusive approach: Jesus engaged with sinners, outcasts, women, and Gentiles, contrasting with the Essenes’ strict adherence to Jewish law and separation from those considered impure.

Key Documents

– 11QMelchizedek: Provides insight into Jesus’ portrayal in Hebrews.

– 4QMMT: Sheds light on Paul’s writings about “works of the law.”

– The War Rule (1QM): Features eschatological themes and a human military campaign, differing from the Book of Revelation’s cosmic struggle.

These documents highlight the complexity and diversity of Second Temple Judaism, offering valuable context for understanding early Christian thought and texts.